Which of the following refers to measures taken to protect data from unauthorized access?

The correct choice emphasizes the importance of safeguarding data against unauthorized access, which is central to the concept of database security. Database security encompasses a range of measures, policies, and technologies that work together to protect database systems from breaches, vulnerabilities, and other threats. This includes both physical security precautions and logical controls such as user authentication, access controls, and activity monitoring to ensure that only authorized individuals can access and manage sensitive information stored within databases.

While other terms also relate to protecting information, they focus on different aspects. Data integrity pertains to the accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle, ensuring that data remains unchanged in an unauthorized manner. Data privacy addresses how personal information is collected, stored, and shared, emphasizing the individual's control over their own information. Data encryption, on the other hand, is a technical measure used to convert data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access. However, encryption is just one component of a broader database security framework. Therefore, database security is the most comprehensive term that encapsulates measures taken to protect data from unauthorized access.